Nicholas J. Korfias, a consultant at REGO-FIX Tool Corporation
A minute chip floating in coolant swarf left to dry on a tool holder taper can eventually become a serious interference at the machine tool spindle-tool holder interface. This small chip can go undetected, causing slightly increased cutter runout (TIR) and diminished tool performance at low spindle speeds. However, at higher spindle speeds, the negative effects are magnified and can result in scrapped parts, catastrophic failure and a possible accident, which is why tooling manufacturers recommend regular cleaning and maintenance of tool holders, complete tooling system assemblies and machine tool spindles.
A contamination-free tool holder and machine tool spindle interface ensures tool holders properly seat at full taper contact and are pulled into the spindle taper at maximum force. With holders held and positioned accurately, a machine’s full power and tolerance capabilities can then affectively and safely transfer to cutting tools, while runout and vibration are reduced for superior part surface finish quality.
The following are eight simple tips for maintaining tool holder-machine spindle interface accuracy and integrity.
- Shops should clean and inspect tool holders and spindles after every job. Tool holders should be completely disassembled and cleaned. Today’s synthetic and semi-synthetic coolants can leave surfaces gummy, causing chips and other contaminants to easily adhere to them. Machine spindles should be cleaned and visually inspected before being returned to service. An oil-dissolving cleaner can be used to clean any coolant residue from tool holder and spindle surfaces.
- Spindle cleaning should be done as part of the overall machine breakdown routine that happens after every job.
- Dust-free cloths or paper towels with light penetrating oil and manual wiping tools work best for cleaning the spindle socket surface. Most manual wiping tools feature helical cleaning blades set at angles matching those of a machine tool’s spindle – CAT, BT, HSK and others. Once surfaces are cleaned, they should be sprayed with a coat of light penetrating oil to prevent rusting.
- Shops should use a “ForceCheck” device to check their machine spindle’s pulling power on a quarterly basis. This practice should be employed as a preventative maintenance procedure, with results recorded and tracked. Any sudden drops in pulling force from one quarter to the next can indicate a potential issue with the spindle system and can provide early detection for preventing catastrophic failure.
- If possible, a tool crib manager or designated tooling person should manage tool holder maintenance. As jobs are completed, and tools are returned to the crib, cutters and holders should be completely disassembled and all components cleaned manually or in an ultrasonic system, then reassembled. Ultrasonic cleaning systems quickly and efficiently clean tool holder tapers, collet cavities, holder nuts, collets and all the other smaller sub-assembly holder parts.
- If tool holder tapers show visual signs of wear, manufacturers suggest running them through an automatic power-brush wiping system that uses rotating tapered brushes. After doing so, holders should be cleaned in an ultra sonic cleaning system, wiped clean and sprayed with a coating of light penetrating oil.
- Once spindles and tool holders have been cleaned, a visual inspection should be made of the surfaces. They should be free of any defects. If serious damage is found in a spindle interface surface, a professional may be needed to re-grind the spindle taper socket. Damaged tool holder or machine spindle surfaces left dirty or unrepaired will, in turn, damage other tool and machine spindle mating surfaces.
- Obviously, once tooling has been cleaned and properly maintained, it should be stored so as to avoid any re-contamination as it moves from tool crib or tool cart to machine tools. Surface rust can occur while tools are stored, so they should always be sprayed with a coat of light penetrating oil. Shops should only load clean tool holders into machine spindles and automatic tool changing (ATC) systems. Again, dirty or damaged tool holder surfaces can easily transfer imperfections to other tool holders and onto machine spindle surfaces.